ABSTRACT
Objective@#To evaluate the daily average intake of dietary fiber of primary school students in Gongshu District, Hangzhou, in order to strengthen the diet guidance and health education.@*Methods@#The method of stratified random cluster sampling was employed to carry out a dietary survey for 887 pupils from 2-6th grade selected from 4 primary schools in Gongshu District, Hangzhou City. The consumption of various kinds of breakfast in pupils’ diet was obtained through dietary survey. The content of dietary fibers in various kinds of food was determined by enzymatic-gravimetric method, and based on this, the daily average intake of dietary fiber of pupils in Gongshu District was calculated.@*Results@#A total of 434 samples of 12 kinds of food in Gongshu District of Hangzhou were determined. The results showed that the dietary fiber content ranged from 0.31 to 2.17 g/100 g in all kinds of breakfast. The difference of dietary fiber content was statistically significant(F=76.50, P=0.00). Among them, noodles and soybean milk were found of more dietary fiber content. However, pupils’ dietary fiber intake for breakfast ranged from 1.82 to 3.04 g/100 g, and the intake was generally low, showing an increasing trend with the increase of grade. The difference of dietary fiber intake among the second to sixth grades was statistically significant (F=18.72, P=0.01). After comparison by SLD method, it was found that the difference of dietary fiber intake between the second and third grade (P=0.22), and between the fifth and sixth grade(P=0.30) were not statistically significant, but the others were statistically significant(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The unreasonable dietary structure and poor breakfast quality are common phenomena. Well-tailored education programs slaping of adequate and blanced dietary behaviors are in great needs.
ABSTRACT
Objective Inhibition of matrix seedling raising in winter greenhouse on premature bolting of Angelica sinensis.Methods Three factors of sowing periods,soil media,and seeds were tested in ortho-gonal design by repeated three times.Results In total 15 treatments,bolting percentage of A.sinensis in seven treatments were lower than 1%,among which the lowest was 0.14%;In the other seven treatments,the bolting percentages were 1%—5%,and in another treatment,it was 19.93%.No bolting happened in 40% of total 45 tested plots,and the bolting percentage was lower than 5% in other 46.7% tested plots.Stalk of winter raised seedlings started to produce at the beginning of August,which delayed 70 d compared to that of the traditional seedlings,bolting peak period of winter raised seedlings was in the middle of September,which delayed 100 d compared to that of the traditional seedlings.In total 15 treatments,100% of bolting plants only stalked,but no flowers produced in six treatments,over 50% of bolting plants only stalked,but no flowers produced in the other eight treatments,38.9% of bolting plants only stalked but no flowers produced in another one treatment.The sample test showed that ethanol extracts content of bolting plant root without flower was 45.93%.Influence in each one of these three factors to premature bolting percentage approached to the utmost notable difference,the influence sequence was sowing periods,seeds,and soil matrixes.Conclusion Premature bolting percentage of A.sinensis is not only obviously decreased by matrix seedling raising in winter greenhouse,but also the bolting can possibly be avoided,and bolting date be also delayed greatly.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between the root diameter of Angelica sinensis and its early bolting rate, and to decrease the bolting rate. Methods The seedling transplanting of A. sinensis with various root diameters was used to study the bolting rate and yield. Results Bolting plants can be observed in the field at June and the period from June to July is the bolting heyday. The bolting rate was the highest, up to 94.65%, in the treatment of root diameter ≥ 0.86 cm. However, it was only 1.63% in the treatment of root diameter ≤ 0.35 cm on Oct. 2nd. In the treatment of root diameter ≤ 0.35 cm, the seedling rate was only 33.62%, while in the treatment of root diameter ≥ 0.86 cm, the seedling rate was the highest, up to 95.75%, but the harvest seedling number was only 6 395 plant/hm2. In the treatment of root diameter of 0.46—0.55 cm, the harvest seedling number was 68 398 plant/hm2, which was significantly higher than other treatments. The highest yield appeared in the treatment of root diameter in 0.46—0.55 cm of transplanting seedling, the fresh and dry yields of A. sinensis were 5 717.58 kg/hm2 and 1 554.98 kg/hm2, respectively. Conclusion The seedlings with root diameter in the range of 0.46—0.65 cm should be selected to transplant in practice.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effects of cultivation methods on growth dynamics in the aerial part and root of Angelica sinensis and Ditylenchus destructor, rate of early bolting, and yield of A. sinensis as well. Methods Compared with conventional planting, ridge planting, furrow planting, white plastic mulch coverage, and black plastic mulch coverage were used to evaluate the effects of cultivation methods on dry matter accumulating and growth dynamics of A. sinensis. Results The influence of black plastic mulch coverage to growth dynamics of A. sinensis is the biggest, next for white plastic mulch coverage. There is the best inhibition to D. destructor under ridge planting. Black plastic mulch coverage can enhance the rate of early bolting. The treatment of black plastic mulch coverage has the highest yield, which can increase the yield by 33.4% (4 650 kg/hm2) compared to conventional planting; next for the treatment of white plastic mulch coverage, which increased the yield by 24.3% (3 372.2 kg/hm2) compared to conventional planting. But there were no significant effects of ridge planting and furrow planting on increasing yield. Conclusion The cultivation methods of black plastic mulch coverage should be brought into wide use in A. sinensis cultivation.